Today, Greece’s landscapes are universally known; the immaculate white houses with their blue roofs are even one of the main reasons tourists set out to explore this Mediterranean country. But have you ever wondered why these dwellings scattered across the Greek islands are blue and white?
According to the Greek City Times, the colors of these houses have long been associated with those of the Greek flag, but there are also other, much more practical reasons…
Cooling the Rooms
The first reason is heat. According to a website about Greece and Cyprus, the Cycladic islands, which regularly face waves of extreme heat, were once devoid of accessible wood, and the houses were traditionally built from dark stone. The dark hue of these stones easily absorbed sunlight—and therefore heat. To remedy the stifling and unlivable interiors, locals began to paint their houses white to reflect the sun’s rays and cool the rooms.
Nowadays, as we explained to GEO in 2022, Athens, the Greek capital, is renovating many of its neighborhoods with light-colored coatings (albedo 0.55) to reduce the increasingly scorching temperatures linked to climate change.
Cholera Epidemic
The white color of traditional Greek foundations is also associated with preventing the spread of cholera during the 19th century. This disease, a major scourge of the time, is a waterborne infection that spread rapidly in densely populated areas.
Thus, explains Real Greeks, to limit the risk of large-scale transmission, past governments encouraged residents to paint their houses white. In fact, the limewash used was made from limestone, whose composition had disinfectant properties.
Blue and White, “the Colors of Patriotism”
Finally, more recently, the military dictatorship established in Greece in 1967—following the coup led by Brigade General Stylianos Pattakos—played a major role in the famous colors of Greek cities.
In 1974, six years after the coup, the military dictatorship adopted a law requiring that island houses be painted white and blue to represent the patriotic colors of the country, explains the Greek media outlet In.
Today, although the law is no longer mandatory, these colors have become an important marker of “Greek aesthetics” and, at the same time, a major tourist attraction.
This stunning opera house was built in the city of Harbin, known for its winter festivals. The building is located in a formerly marshy area near the Songhua River and blends organically with the surrounding landscape thanks to its flowing and curved lines.
The opera house covers an area of approximately 79,000 square meters (850,349 square-foot,) and consists of two halls: one for 1,600 spectators and another for 400.
Shanghai Tower
View from the Shanghai Tower observatory deck. Image: Wikimedia
Shanghai Tower is a majestic skyscraper in the city of Shanghai. The building stands 632-meter-tall (2,073 ft), with a total area of 380,000 square meters (4,090,300 sq ft). Upon completion, the tower ranked third in the world in height among freestanding structures.
The skyscraper houses corporate offices, entertainment and shopping centers, hotels, fitness studios, barbershops, laundries, shops, and all necessary living infrastructure.
1911 Revolution Museum
1911 Revolution Museum is a themed museum built to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Revolution of 1911 Shouyi, Wuchang. Image: Arch Daily
Wuhan is the largest city in central China by population. It is renowned for its history, which is reflected in the magnificent large museum complex built here in 2011. It attracts numerous visitors not only with its interesting exhibits but also with its unique architecture.
This complex, with a total area of 330,000 square meters, consists of five interconnected buildings. Several lower above-ground levels and one underground level house a shopping and entertainment center, while the 12 upper floors are reserved for office space.
The city of Ordos began construction from scratch in 2003. According to plans, it was designed to accommodate almost a million residents, but currently, it has a population of only about 20,000, leading to its nickname as a “ghost city.” The museum building is its main attraction, drawing tourists from around the world.
This multifunctional sports and entertainment complex is often called the “Bird’s Nest” due to its distinctive appearance. It was created ahead of the 2008 Olympic Games to host numerous sporting events, as well as the opening and closing ceremonies. The construction of the stadium cost an estimated 325 million euros.
This hotel is curiously named “Horseshoe,” although it is actually a complete doughnut shape, with its lower segment located underwater, containing two underwater floors.
The building was designed by renowned Chinese architect Ma Yansong and completed in 2013. It cost the Sheraton chain $1.5 billion. The hotel ranks among the ten most expensive hotels in the world.
The National Centre for the Performing Arts is colloquially referred to as “The Giant Egg.” This unusual titanium and glass building is located in the heart of historic Beijing, near the famous Tiananmen Square.
The project by French architect Paul Andreu was chosen through a competition that attracted submissions from 69 of the world’s most famous experts. The large dome of the National Centre houses three performance halls: an opera hall (2,416 seats), a music hall (2,017 seats), and a theater hall (1,040 seats), all interconnected by aerial corridors.
This building is recognized as the largest standalone building in the world. Its total area is 1.76 million square meters, with a height of 100 meters (328 ft), a width of 400 meters (1,312 feet), and a length of 500 meters (1,640 feet).
The building has 18 floors and is almost entirely made of metal and glass.
Inside, there are shopping areas, offices, conference halls, a university complex, two shopping malls, two five-star hotels, an IMAX cinema, and a water park with an artificial beach.
This grand structure in Fushun resembles a ring, with an outer diameter of 170 meters and an inner diameter of 150 meters. At the top, there are observation decks accessible via high-speed elevators.
It was under Pericles‘ impetus that the Parthenon came into existence in the 5th century BCE. The renowned Athenian strategist invited recognized artists such as Phidias or Callicrates to participate in the construction of the Parthenon. Erected on the ruins of an ancient temple destroyed by the Persians in Athens, specifically the Acropolis, the temple dedicated to Athena, the city’s protective deity, was built in record time. Indeed, it only took 15 years to complete this major monument of ancient history.
Starting in 447, the construction of the Parthenon was interrupted by war, but it was completed in 432 BCE. It symbolizes Athenian power, democracy, and the architectural genius of ancient Greece at that time. Combining Doric classicism with unprecedented ingenuity from the architects, the Parthenon is a remarkable work, both in terms of its dimensions, its unusually fast construction, and its style.
In What Context was the Parthenon Built?
Between 447 and 432 BCE, builders constructed the Parthenon. It is part of the Acropolis of Athens, the current Greek capital, and one of Greece’s most iconic monuments. The Hecatompedon, a limestone temple from the 6th century BCE, served as the foundation for its construction. The Persians destroyed many monuments during the 5th century BCE (480: Greco-Persian Wars). The Parthenon is among the new constructions desired by the strategist Pericles to restore the city’s splendor. Phidias, Ictinus, and Callicrates led the construction site.
It underwent two phases of construction, with an interruption due to the Second Persian War. Once the construction was complete, the sculptural works also concluded. They quickly erected the building, incurring significant expenses. Indeed, they had to draw funds from Delphi’s treasury, which they would later store here. It is the tallest temple in the Acropolis.
Why Was This Temple Built?
In this temple, the colossal statue of Phidias, the Athena Parthenos, found its home.
Many scholars believe that this significant project also originated from the city’s financial difficulties, plagued by regular Persian attacks. The construction site would have provided employment for many people. The functions of this temple are manifold. Despite the regular offerings at the Erechtheion, it clearly serves as a place of worship for Athena, the city’s patroness. The Panathenaic Games (festivals in honor of Athena) take place here.
It will also become the symbol of Athenian power, according to Pericles’ wish. The impressive dimensions (nearly 70 meters long, 31 meters wide, and 14 meters high) and unprecedented architectural ingenuity showcased the greatness of Athens and its inhabitants, visible in a frieze depicting all the city’s social classes. The temple also has a political function as it houses Athenian public funds.
How Did the Construction Work Unfold?
The temple was built in Pentelic marble, a white stone from quarries near Athens, to the northwest. Originally, the temple consisted of a peristyle (gallery of columns) surrounded by 48 columns.
They constructed two rooms from cut stone. The 15-meter-high chryselephantine (gold and ivory) statue of Athena occupied the naos (interior of the temple). Behind this statue was a small room that housed the Athenian treasury. They built two other rooms with lateral vestibules: the opisthodomos and the pronaos. The colonnade was built simultaneously. The construction lasted about fifteen years.
Following that, the decorations were completed. It was mainly Phidias who was in charge. His workers composed the pediments dedicated to Athena’s life. The Doric frieze, with triglyphs and metopes, mainly represents the victory of the Greeks over the Persians. The building shows a specific singularity. In Doric style, it features 8 columns instead of the usual 6. The columns’ axes, as well as the horizontal lines, are also noteworthy. The columns are slightly inclined, and the horizontals are convex to create an optical effect hitherto unseen.
The overall proportions are enlarged. The naos thus presents a dimension never before reached: 10.6 meters wide. At the end of the construction, they added ionic columns to the opisthodomos. Under the colonnade, another frieze is present, representing the great Panathenaic Games. This encircled the sekos (the closed part of the temple, surrounded by walls). In 449, they added Propylaea and Erechtheion.
How Did the Parthenon Evolve Over the Ages?
This building has experienced many mishaps. It is known to have suffered a significant fire during the late antiquity period, in the 3rd century (the sack of Athens during the Chremonidean War). The fire destroyed the inner colonnade and the wooden framework. Following this event, between 361 and 363, they built a new colonnade.
Around 590, the temple became a Christian church and took the name Mary Parthenos. This Byzantine conversion destroyed many statues. The Byzantine conversion involved moving the entrance, adding mosaics, and opening windows. It became a major Christian place of worship and was part of a great pilgrimage like that of Ephesus or Thessaloniki. The Ottomans invaded Athens in 1456 and turned the Parthenon into a mosque. The apse evolved into the mihrab. Lime completely covered the walls, hiding the decorations.
In the 17th century, it served as a warehouse for Turkish powder barrels. The first explosion occurred in 1656, followed by a much larger one in 1687. A Venetian attack caused the barrels to explode. The Venetians destroyed the central part and the columns. The British looted the temple between 1801 and 1803, taking a large number of decorative elements that are still visible in various British museums. After proclaiming its independence, Greece began the restoration of the building in 1835. In 1894, one of the largest earthquakes Greece experienced damaged the building.
What Were the Different Functions of the Parthenon?
Although the Parthenon hosted the Panathenaic Games, it cannot be considered a religious building per se. Indeed, no ritual objects were found there.
Similarly, there is no mention of any ritual testimony on site. Only priests have access to the sanctuary’s heart. No priestess is associated with it.
Two main functions are observable for this “temple.” The first is to house the Athena statue in the cella (or naos), the place’s sacred room. Originally an offering to the city and its inhabitants, Phidias transported this statue to Constantinople, where its trace vanished. Athena Parthenos symbolized not only the goddess but also the power of Athenian women, who, in the 5th century BCE, had an increasingly important role (the sculpted plaque on the front of the sculpture).
The temple also served as a storage facility for the treasures won by Athens and the Delian League, some of which Pericles used to construct the building, along with the metals used for currency. These riches are obviously complemented by the statue itself, which is partly made of gold (Pericles cites it as a gold reserve, according to the author Thucydides). In cases of necessity, it was indeed possible to melt it without committing an impious act. This treasure room is synonymous with wealth and will thus become the symbol of Athenian power, both civil and political.
The Robot Building in Bangkok is a 37-year-old landmark.
Construction cost exceeded 300 million Thai Baht in 1986.
Its unique design features receding walls and giant concrete nuts.
The Robot Building in Bangkok, Thailand, is a famous landmark created by the national artist in architecture Dr. Sumet Jumsai na Ayudhya. This landmark structure has been visible to passersby for 37 years. In 1986, Sumet Jumsai finished overseeing the completion of this spectacular office complex known as the Robot Building. In its day, it was praised as a groundbreaking example of modern architecture.
Bangkok’s economic climate shifted in the 1980s as the city modernized its banking sector and embraced the rise of the computer. Sumet Jumsai, when tasked by the board of the Bank of Asia to design a building to depict this transformation, looked to his son’s toy robot for ideas.
He struggled to come up with a suitable design until his son brought a toy robot to his office, sparking the idea for the building’s unique design.
The concept for the Robot Building was conceived in September 1983; construction started in September 1984; and the building was dedicated in September 1986. Over 300 million Thai Baht (around $10 million) was spent on construction, a huge figure at the time.
The building supports receding walls, antennas, and two eyes.
The gross floor space of this twenty-story structure is around 253,000 ft², and its parking garage, which spans eight floors, has a gross floor area of around 115,000 ft² and can hold more than 340 vehicles.
The 4th, 8th, 12th, 16th, and 18th levels all have different layouts because of the robot’s unique design. The Robot Building has various giant nuts around its body, and the biggest nut measures a whopping 12.5 feet in diameter, making the gigantic concrete nuts that flank this building its most noticeable external feature.
The structure is mostly enclosed on the east and west with minimal openings since that’s where the nuts are placed. During the day, this layout decreases cooling energy needs.
The Robot Building was designed for the Bank of Asia in the first place, and the company is represented by the light blue tinted glass that makes up the northern and southern walls of the structure (the front and back of the building, respectively).
A children’s toy inspired the architect to create a building of unusual shape.
An executive boardroom with a panoramic view of Bangkok’s skyline can be found at the back of the building. The building’s top level, which looks like the robot’s head, is where the executive dining room and main conference room are located. The Robot Building supports some antennas, and both of them are 55 feet in length, and its two robotic eyes are 20 feet in diameter. These eyes are composed of reflecting glass and have iron eyelids.
The building’s floors gradually decrease in size, creating the appearance of a “robot’s body.” Two round windows at the top resemble half-closed eyes, giving the robot a slightly sleepy look.
One of the Century’s Top 50 Landmark Buildings
The Robot Building was widely covered in the media on a global scale due to its modern but retro-like design. According to LA’s Museum of Contemporary Art, it was one of the century’s top 50 landmark structures.
The building’s “post-high-tech” aesthetic was a response to the Post-Modern movement, and its use of mechanical elements (the receding walls, antennas, and eyes) was meant to represent the harmonious relationship between humans and machines.
The Bank of Asia was later acquired by the United Overseas Bank (UOB), but the Robot Building is no longer the primary location for UOB operations in Thailand. At the close of 2022, the bank shifted its operations to UOB Plaza in the Pom Prap Sattru Phai District of Bangkok. The Robot Building is now operating as a satellite office while undergoing outside repairs that are authorized between March 1 and August 1, 2024.
The Robot Building is still highly renowned in the country; it represents the aesthetic and practical capabilities of contemporary Thai architecture. It has always been a symbol of Thai pride since it exemplifies the country’s distinctive and bold approach to building design. Another example of this is the Elephant Building, the largest elephant-shaped building in the world.
A Rotating Head and Robot Servants
Dr. Sumet, the architect of the building, initially proposed a building with much more impressive features. The first concept called for the construction of two robot servants, whose movements could be directed from a control room to guide customers inside the building, according to the ASA Journal of the Association of Siamese Architects.
The engineering professors from King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang were consulted on the final design and implementation of this concept. However, it was predicted that making one would cost over 300,000 baht, which was a lot of money back then.
Since there was already a restaurant with a rotating feature, it was also suggested to have the Robot Building’s head revolve back and forth. About an extra million Thai Baht in building costs would have been needed for this. Unfortunately, the project owner said no to this plan as well.
As the biggest robot-shaped structure in the world, Guinness World Records has indicated interest in adding the Robot Building to their records, making the thought of rotating the building’s head all the more disappointing. However, the Robot Building couldn’t be included in the records due to the “lack of movable parts.”
The Fate of the Robot Building
Renovations
The years have made the building seem dwarfed next to the current skyscrapers. The renovations now taking place at the Robot Building have garnered a lot of media attention recently, prompting some to wonder whether this landmark structure, which has stood for almost 40 years as Thailand’s cultural heritage, would meet the same fate as so many others from its age.
This is because there has been ongoing work to reduce the energy consumption of the structure, which has altered the original facade of the building significantly. As renovations continue, the building’s iconic eyes will disappear, and some of the building’s textured surfaces will be replaced with all-glass exteriors, which can remove the original appearance of the Robot Building.
Efforts to Protect It
In an open letter to United Overseas Bank (UOB) Thailand, heritage campaigners expressed their concern about the proposed exterior changes. They claim that the Robot Building marks the era of late modernism giving way to post-modernism and hence is historically significant.
They advocate for modifying the renovation plans so that the building may retain its historic integrity and status as an internationally significant structure. They also highlight the possible advantages of transferring development rights or designating the Robot Building as a historic structure within the larger Bangkok city plan.
Given that the past era’s architectural modernity keeps fading, the developments around the Robot Building will be interesting to observe.
The buildings from the 1940s through the 1970s represented a new age in construction. However, these once-proud examples of twentieth-century architecture have fallen into disrepair as a result of their inability to compete with the rising costs of land on which they were built.
The Robot Building is accessible by taking the BTS Skytrain to Surasak Station and walking for about 10 minutes.
An iconic skyscraper in the heart of Egypt’s New Administrative Capital, the Iconic Tower stands out for its striking design and height. With a peak height of 1,292 feet (393.8 meters), the Iconic Tower is the highest building in Egypt, the tallest structure in Africa, and the second-tallest building in the Middle East after the Burj Khalifa in Dubai. The Iconic Tower is a 77-story building with two underground floors and a built area of 700,000 ft2 (65,000 m2). The building’s first 29 stories are dedicated to commercial office space, while the remaining levels are divided between hotels, apartments, and a public viewing platform with sweeping views of Cairo.
The Iconic Tower’s Cost
The Cairo office of the China State Construction Engineering Corporation is investing $48 billion to construct 20 high-rise towers in the New Administrative Capital’s Central Business District. The plan calls for the construction of 20 residential, administrative, business, and utility buildings.
The project also includes the Iconic Tower which is the most famous among them. About $3 billion was poured into the Iconic Tower with more than 5,000 workers working on it every day. The 18,000-ton steel structure will be the centerpiece of the downtown area’s redevelopment. Chinese financial institutions committed to funding 85% of the Central Business District’s construction.
The skyscraper is part of a new capital that will cost about $3.8 billion, most of which will come from a Chinese debt. In the first quarter of 2023, the Iconic Tower and two hotels will finally be finished. There will be a theater, ice arena, helipad, and multiple movie theaters inside the tower.
The Purpose of the Tower
With a total floor area of over 2.7 mi2 (7 km2), this African skyscraper will be a fully functional, integrated complex covering an area of 2.583.000 ft2 (240,000 m2). The ground floor will be dedicated to retail and business space; the mid-level will house residences; and the higher floors will house a hotel. The skyscraper will stand at the center of Egypt’s new city and is anticipated to become a major tourism destination.
The Iconic Tower’s Architecture
The Iconic Tower was designed by Dar al-Handasah Shair and Partners. The tower is a multi-functional and multi-purpose high-rise building.
Architecture-wise, the Iconic Tower takes cues from ancient Egyptian obelisks. If you are into tallest buildings, this should remind you of the Oblisco Capitale, a 3,280-foot (1,000-meter) tall pharaonic obelisk also planned to be built in Egypt’s New Capital. None of them is as tall as the X-Seed 4000 or the Tokyo Tower of Babel, but they are close to being realized.
This obelisk tower boasts a complete glass façade. According to some keen eyes, the Iconic Tower’s design and overall shape might be a representation of the Egyptian god Amun’s “Shuti” crown. However, this is not official and might just be a coincidence. Because the resemblance of the crown would have been more striking if it was visible from more than one point.
Obelisk-like Iconic Tower and Egyptian god Amun’s crown, Shuti.
Structure
The primary structure of the supertall Iconic Tower is a steel frame structure with reinforced concrete core tubes. The steel consumption of the tower was 18,000 tons, and its welding wire consumption was 135 tons. The highest weight per steel structure unit was 28 tons.
The tower’s torsional (twisting) members at the crown and the revolving stairway presented the greatest challenge. It is well known that accurately simulating steel buildings with complex spatial shapes is a challenging task. The Chinese team behind the Iconic Tower earned the title of National Quality Trustworthy Team in 2020 for their proficiency in engineering and manufacturing.
The Timeline of the Iconic Tower
The Iconic Tower in 2022.
On May 2, 2018, construction on the Iconic Tower officially began with the attendance of Egyptian Prime Minister Mostafa Madbouly. The primary building’s foundation floor was poured in one uninterrupted session in April 2019, using 653,000 ft3 (18,500 m3) of concrete, making it the biggest foundation floor in Egypt’s recorded history. The steel structure of the Iconic Tower was raised for the first time on November 16, 2019.
With a building advancement rate of “four days, one floor,” the reinforced concrete core of the tower was built up to the 67th above-ground level as of March 16, 2021, achieving a height of 1,089 feet (322 m). On June 17, 2021, the main building of the Iconic Tower was structurally topped out. The final cubic feet of concrete for the tower’s primary framework were poured by the Egyptian Minister of Housing, Assem el Gazzar, and Chinese visitors. By August 2021, the steel structure of the Iconic Tower had been completed.
The completion of the skyscraper is scheduled for the first quarter of 2023. When finished, the tower will surpass South Africa’s 55-floor The Leonardo and the Mohammed VI and become the continent’s highest structure.
In Dubai, a 200-story skyscraper known as the Dubai Creek Tower is being built to a height of at least 3,045 feet (928 meters). The original deadline for completion was 2020, when the World Expo in Dubai would start. The Dubai Creek Tower aims to surpass the Burj Khalifa in Dubai, currently the highest structure in the world, by 328 feet (100 m), if not more. As of the year 2023, construction has only reached the basement level. The operator of the Dubai Creek Tower and its environs, Emaar Properties, briefly halted construction in 2020 due to COVID-19. The Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava conceived the plan for the Dubai Creek Tower. And the tower is expected to cost around $1 billion to build. But will it ever be completed?
Dubai Creek Tower’s Design
The city of Dubai’s aesthetics and architectural enhancement have been the primary focus of the Dubai Creek Tower. The tower’s designers looked to Islamic architecture’s classic feature, the minaret, as well as the Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Western landmarks like the Eiffel Tower for inspiration.
In the end, they appear to be inspired most by the Eiffel and some by the Gardens of Babylon.
Steel wires connected to a concrete shaft create a sleek and elegant framework for this ultra-tall skyscraper. These exterior tension wires and the structural base of the Dubai Creek Tower are planned to be illuminated in a dynamic fashion. A lighthouse will be placed on top.
When designing the Dubai Creek Tower, architect Santiago Calatrava also took inspiration from the lily, a flower that thrives in dry areas. And it happens that the Burj Khalifa designers were also influenced by the same flower.
The encircling viewing spaces and gardens planned for the building’s higher levels are meant to evoke the grandeur of another old marvel, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, which was also built in an arid setting.
Location of the Tower
Dubai Creek Harbor and Dubai Creek Tower.
About 5 miles (8 km) to the east of the Burj Khalifa is where you’ll find the location of the Dubai Creek Tower. The Dubai Creek Tower will serve as the centerpiece of Dubai’s new metropolitan area, Dubai Creek Harbor. This neighborhood is located close to Ras Al Khor National Wildlife Sanctuary.
It’s expected that the harbor project’s 2.3 mi2 (6 km2) of land will make it the city’s cultural and historical epicenter while being three times bigger than Downtown Dubai, the city’s tourism hub. Nearly 15,000 workers were employed on it at one time.
How Tall Will the Dubai Creek Tower Be?
The construction of the tower is anticipated to span many years. According to the initial rumors, the Dubai Creek Tower will be a 3,045-foot-tall spire with around 200 floors. However, the official final height has not been announced.
Since it is more of a spire than a building, some estimates put its final height at 4,413 feet (1,345 meters). Either way, it will be the world’s tallest man-made structure, if ever completed.
Like the Burj Khalifa, the precise height of Dubai Creek Tower will only be revealed during the opening. The Chairman of Emaar Properties, however, previously verified that the skyscraper would be 328 ft (100 m) taller than the Burj Khalifa.
But an August 2017 film shown in Dubai Mall indicated that the skyscraper would be between 4,265 and 4,410 ft (1,300 and 1,345 m) in height.
Considering that we have already seen much taller projects such as the X-Seed 4000 and the Tokyo Tower of Babel, it is possible to construct a structure that reaches a similar height using multiple wires and distributed supports on two sides.
Dubai Creek Tower May Not Be Recognized as the Tallest Building
Founded in 1969 in Chicago, Illinois, the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) is a non-profit authority on tall buildings. According to their criteria, the Dubai Creek Tower may never be recognized as the tallest building in the world.
Because telecommunications or observation towers that do not satisfy the 50% occupiable height requirement are not qualified for placement on the “Tallest” titles. In Dubai Creek Tower, more than %70 of the structure will not be occupiable. This will not change the fact that it will be the tallest structure ever.
Purpose of Building the Dubai Creek Tower
In charge at Emaar Properties, Mohamed Alabbar considers the construction of such a magnificent structure a good way to increase the value of the nearby real estate, noting a comparison with the major attraction in Paris: “Apartments with a view of the Eiffel Tower are up to 30 percent more expensive. Over time, we realized that many of our clients would like to have that view.“
Dubai Creek Tower’s Features
The British firm RMJM is responsible for the internal architecture of the tower. There will be 20 floors of hotels, restaurants, shops, and residences inside the structure.
The tower’s upper reaches are designated for the viewing platforms and sky gardens as part of the expansion plan. These viewing platforms will provide an all-around vista of Dubai city. Apart from that, there will be rotating viewing platforms and 50% of them will be located on the tower’s exterior.
Dubai Creek Tower’s viewing balcony, complete with revolving platform.
The Dubai Creek Tower is a mixed-use building. A variety of facilities will be found in the 2.3 mi2 (6 km2) neighboring area, including a 1.7 mi2 (4.5 km2) embankment, a sailing club with a dock, 0.33 mi2 (0.85 km2) of business real estate, 2.62 mi2 (6.79 km2) of domestic flats, 4.25 mi2 (11 km2) of store space, and 22 motels with 4,400 guest rooms. A massive retail and leisure complex will also be constructed next to the Dubai Creek Tower which will dwarf the current world leader, the Dubai Mall.
Construction
The construction process of the Dubai Creek Tower can be broken down into three distinct phases: concrete foundation and core construction; shell construction; and external cladding and finishing. The longest steel wires ever used in a building will be part of this ultra-high-rise skyscraper.
An army of 450 workers spent less than nine months filling 1.8 million cubic feet (50,000 cubic meters) of concrete for this pile cap. About 18,000 tons of steel support were also set in position by the crew. Covering and transferring the tower’s weight to the base barrettes is the nearly 66 ft (20 m) thick multi-layered, tiered reinforced concrete.
The 145 barrette foundations were tested to a world-record 36,000t and installed at a depth of 236 ft (72 m). There was a total of 211,200 tons of concrete and 15,000 tons of steel used to enclose the barettes.
History of the Dubai Creek Tower
In October 2013, a blueprint for the new Dubai Creek Harbor urban area was made public. Initially, Dubai’s new governmental entity was going to be dominated by the world’s tallest twin towers, which would have towered over even Malaysia’s Petronas Towers.
After a worldwide challenge, Dubai’s governor, Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, decided in February 2016 on a single skyscraper to replace them all. On April 11th, at a news briefing, the full scope of the Dubai Creek Tower undertaking was unveiled. According to the announcement, the tower’s opening would take place in 2025.
Project planning indicated that pile-driving activities would start in late June or early July of 2016. In July, the wind tunnel bench experiments were conducted to fine-tune the design based on preliminary results.
There were twelve various ways the weather was tested. Seismic analysis was also performed. The Dubai Creek Tower’s structure incorporates numerous padding devices at various levels in the plan.
A film documenting the progress to that point was made public in August 2017. The tower’s foundation was finally finished in May 2018. On April 4, 2020, owing to the COVID-19 outbreak, the Dubai Creek Tower’s operator, Emaar Properties, briefly halted the construction.
The government ordered a complete halt to construction on December 7, 2020, until the epidemic has been contained and it is deemed safe to keep building.
Initially, the Dubai Creek Tower’s construction was not expected to be complete until 2022. However, the halt in construction has set back these schemes by at least 2 to 3 years. As of 2023, the construction of the Dubai Creek Tower has not progressed past the foundation.
There will soon be a new tower called Oblisco Capitale in Egypt’s proposed New Capital, located 31 miles (50 km) east of Cairo. At a height of 3,280 feet (1,000 meters), the Oblisco Capitale will eclipse Dubai’s Burj Khalifa as the world’s highest structure. The building looks like a pharaonic obelisk, and it even has a water canal that looks like the Nile River. The Oblisco Capitale will be situated on the New Administrative Capital’s Central Ring Road. The ultra-tall skyscraper will primarily be used as an apartment complex. Hotels, malls, movie theaters, community centers, office buildings, hospitals, and other medical facilities are also to be included. There will be 165 stories in the Oblisco Capitale. The projected finish date for the structure is 2030.
Oblisco Capitale’s Construction Cost and Funding
The Gulf is not the only place where the sprint to the top is being run. Japan’s “Sky Mile Tower” plan includes an enormous, earthquake-proof skyscraper of up to 421 stories and 5,580 feet (1.7 km) in height, with enough room for up to 55,000 people. Egypt is also engaged; a new “capital” is being constructed 31 miles east of Cairo. There is a proposal to build a kilometer-tall “Oblisco Capitale” there.
Once finished, the Oblisco Capitale Tower will offer a panoramic view of the new capital city, which is expected to have a 270 mi2 (700 km2) land area and be home to 6 million people.
The construction of the Oblisco Capitale was first announced in 2018. However, the plan for the project dates back a few years. The building is a central part of the Egypt Vision 2030 development project, which was first initiated in 2016.
The Oblisco Capitale, costing an estimated $3.2 billion, will be funded by debt from the People’s Republic of China to Egypt. Though this amount of debt is only one percent of Egypt’s total GDP. The start of construction is still scheduled for 2024.
Oblisco Capitale’s Design
Obelisks were known as tekhen in ancient Egypt, but their Greek term, obeliskos (“little skewer”), is what is commonly used today. The Egyptian designers were inspired by the works of one of history’s greatest builders, their forebears, when creating the Oblisco Capitale. The Oblisco Capitale took its dimensions from those of an ancient Egyptian obelisk. These proportions are meant to represent numerical perfection and solidity in construction.
IDIA, an Egyptian architecture company, was responsible for the Oblisco Capitale’s design. The tower’s design draws from both the Pharaonic and Art Deco eras for its aesthetic. Thus, the skyscraper will be reminiscent of the era of the pharaohs, and Art Deco was the preeminent aesthetic movement of the 1920s and 1930s, denoting a focus on geometric forms, powerful palettes, and exact detailing.
The tower itself is split into six sections. The tower’s base includes a platform with ballrooms, meeting spaces, fine dining places, and a shopping center. There is a separate entryway for each area, and the interior is gilded and supported by elaborately carved marble columns.
The giant structure will support air vents. Those Art Deco-style louvers in the building will move in and out with the sun’s path throughout the day to keep the interior cooler.
The motif on the outside of the Oblisco Capitale is inspired by the Egyptian Lotus (Nymphaea lotus) pattern, which was popular during the time of the Pharaohs. This time period began around 3000 BC and lasted until 323 BC, when Egypt was subjugated by Alexander the Great. The lotus flower is a perennial that has thrived in the Nile Delta for thousands of years and is believed to have played a significant part in ancient Egyptian culture.
Although not as tall as the Tokyo Tower of Babel or the X-Seed 4000, the Oblisco Capitale is a design idea that reaches for the heavens.
Rivaling to be the World’s Tallest Building
The Oblisco Capitale is a mixed-use development with residential, commercial, recreational, retail, and sports complexes. The skyscraper will have 165 floors with a total floor area of 13,500,000 ft2 (1.25 km2 or 1,250,000 m2). The building has a relatively smaller floor area compared to ultra-tall structures at similar heights. This includes the Sky City 1000 at 3 mi2 (8 km2). This is probably because Sky City 1000 was designed to be a living metropolis.
If constructed, the Oblisco Capitale will be the world’s tallest building. It is currently rivaling other “soon-to-be tallest buildings,” such as the Azerbaijan Tower. However, considering the recent developments, the Oblisco Capitale has a better chance of being completed anytime soon. If built, this 1-km-high structure will tower over the Burj Khalifa, which is at 2,723 feet (830 m). In the West, it will be almost twice as tall as the One World Trade Center at 1,776 feet (541 m).
When Will Oblisco Capitale Be Constructed?
Founded in 1969, the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) currently considers the Oblisco Capitale Tower to be nothing more than a “concept.” The tower is slated to reach a height of 3,280 feet, or 1 kilometer, and construction is scheduled to begin in 2024 in the new capital city of Egypt.
The new capital city, which still remains unnamed, is already in development and is expected to accommodate 6 million people in the future. However, it remains to be seen whether the Oblisco Capitale will actually be built and eventually surpass the Burj Khalifa as the world’s tallest building by 2030.
With 30% of Egyptians still living below the poverty line, are you optimistic that the Egyptians will be able to achieve their goals? It remains to be seen what the future holds for the Oblisco Capitale, and only time will reveal its fate. The project is developed by the El Nasr Housing and Development company.
Oblisco Capitale at a Glance
What is Oblisco Capitale?
Oblisco Capitale is a proposed 1,000-meter tall skyscraper that is set to be built in Egypt’s New Capital, which is located 31 miles (50 km) east of Cairo. The building will be used as an apartment complex, as well as for hotels, malls, movie theaters, community centers, office buildings, hospitals, and other medical facilities.
When will Oblisco Capitale be constructed?
The construction of Oblisco Capitale is scheduled to begin in 2024, with a projected finish date of 2030.
How will Oblisco Capitale be funded?
Oblisco Capitale is estimated to cost $3.2 billion, and the project will be funded by debt from the People’s Republic of China to Egypt. The amount of debt is only one percent of Egypt’s total GDP.
The Azerbaijan Tower is a planned supertall skyscraper that will be built in Azerbaijan. It will be part of the “Khazar Islands” project, which will be built on the Caspian Sea coast 16 miles (25 km) southwest of Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan. This 3,448-foot (1,050-meter) tall skyscraper will be taller and have more floors than the Burj Khalifa in the United Arab Emirates, as well as other comparable buildings such as the Jeddah Tower (previously the Kingdom Tower) in Saudi Arabia and the Madinat al-Hareer in Kuwait. It is one of the exciting visionary projects, similar to the Tokyo Tower of Babel or X-Seed 4000.
Azerbaijan Tower Was Redesigned to be Twice as Tall
When the government of Azerbaijan declared in 2011 that it was beginning to construct a new commercial area in Baku called the Khazar Islands, the concept for the Azerbaijan Tower was also created. The architects and engineers behind the project originally intended for the tower to be 1840 feet (560 meters) tall, but after further study, they chose to raise it by almost twice as much.
The Azerbaijani conglomerate Avesta Concern is currently constructing the Khazar Islands (also known as the Caspian Islands) along with planning the Azerbaijan Tower. According to Ibrahim Ibrahimov, the owner of the firm with close ties to the government, the structure will stand 1,050 meters tall and have 189 floors. For comparison, the Burj Khalifa supports 163 floors. If constructed, the tower will be twice as tall as the One World Trade Center. The building will have a total of 69 elevators.
The Khazar Islands and the Azerbaijan Tower.
Azerbaijan Tower today is a mixed-use high-rise building with an architectural style of neo-futurism and an estimated building cost of $2–3 billion. The exact spot chosen for the skyscraper is at 40.24134°N 49.634242°E, next to the Caspian Sea waters. When constructed, the tower’s floor area will be around 7.56 million ft2 (702,400 m2).
The Tower Will be the Central Monument of the Khazar Islands
The tower will serve as the centerpiece of the 7,400-acre (3,000-hectare) “Khazar Islands” (az. Xəzər Adaları) project, which will be built 16 miles (25 kilometers) southwest of Baku on a chain of 41 man-made islets in the Caspian Sea. The islands will occupy an area of 12 mi2 (30 km2). For the construction of the islets, boulders and soil are being transported from a nearby mountain and dumped into the water.
If you think constructing a tower on dry ground is challenging, try doing it on water. The plan for the Azerbaijan Tower calls for the construction of a new metropolis with a population of one million people, complete with 150 schools, 8 hotels, 50 hospitals, and daycare centers, as well as parks, cultural centers, and even an F1 Grand Prix race circuit. The first Formula One has been hosted in Baku’s downtown since 2016.
There will be a public airport put up on the main island, as well as 150 bridges to ease travel between the artificial islets. Around the Azerbaijan Tower, there will be places to live and work, malls, theaters, museums, concert halls, and a variety of other recreational venues.
Part of the “New Venice” Project
Along with all that, the Azerbaijan Tower will be home to the world’s largest boulevard, which is 93 miles (150 km) in length. There will be a plethora of walkways linking the new metropolis to the shore.
The Azerbaijan Tower will be constructed to withstand earthquakes of magnitude up to 9. In fact, seismic activity in this range will not compromise any of the structures in the area. Most of the outer shell of the structure will be composed of glass and steel.
Numerous financiers from different parts of the world, including the United States, Turkey, the Middle East, and China, have expressed an interest in funding the Azerbaijan Tower and the Khazar Islands. The financiers are calling it the “New Venice” initiative.
When Will the Azerbaijan Tower Be Constructed?
The Azerbaijan Tower was supposed to start being built in 2015 and be finished in 2019. However, since 2021, the project has only reached the planning stage. The projected end date has been pushed back because of factors like the pandemic, the protests over local corruption, and the lack of funding. Many professionals foresee the tower being completed only in the 2030s.
Complete construction of the “Khazar Islands” compound is expected to be finished in the 2020s. Azerbaijan’s government hopes to finish building the metropolis within 25 years, with 10% of it operational by 2026. Estimates suggest that builders will need $125 billion to complete this unprecedented island city along with the Azerbaijan Tower. This is two times more than Azerbaijan’s GDP ($56 billion).
Erecting the Azerbaijan Tower, an immensely challenging task, demands the cooperation of elite architects, engineers, and laborers. Extreme weather, logistical challenges, and safety concerns add to the complexity of constructing such a tall structure. However, the project has already generated thousands of jobs and will spur economic growth. If built, the tower will symbolize Azerbaijan’s advancement and prosperity
Azerbaijan Tower vs. Burj Khalifa
Among the world’s highest buildings are the Azerbaijan Tower and the Burj Khalifa. Their comparison is as follows:
Height: At a height of 2,716 ft (828 m), Burj Khalifa in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, is the world’s highest structure. With a projected height of 3,440 feet (1,050 m), the Azerbaijan Tower in Baku is set to become the world’s tallest structure once completed.
Location: The Burj Khalifa is in the middle of central Dubai, close to many other notable structures. A man-made island 16 mi (25 km) west of Baku is where the construction of the Azerbaijan Tower is supposed to take place.
Floors: The Azerbaijan Tower will have 189 floors, and the Burj Khalifa has 163.
Function: To a large extent, the Burj Khalifa serves as a mixed-use structure, housing both commercial and domestic buildings as well as a hotel. Plans for the Azerbaijan Tower include a variety of commercial and living spaces in addition to a hotel and amusement venues.
Design: The Azerbaijan Tower is envisioned as a distinctively contemporary skyscraper with a tubular shape that is bundled together. The Y-shaped base structure of the Burj Khalifa was specifically intended to maximize the building’s visibility.
Completion: The finishing timeline for the Azerbaijan Tower has not been revealed at this time. After many years of work, Burj Khalifa was finally finished in 2010.
Altogether, they’re both towering structures that stand out from the crowd with their own special touches. But the Azerbaijan Tower will be much taller than the Burj Khalifa and will serve as the hub of an artificial megalopolis of one million people.
Azerbaijan Tower at a Glance
What is the Azerbaijan Tower and where will it be built?
The Azerbaijan Tower is a planned supertall skyscraper that will be built in Azerbaijan as part of the “Khazar Islands” project. It will be located on the Caspian Sea coast, 16 miles southwest of Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan.
How tall will the Azerbaijan Tower be and what is the estimated cost of construction?
The Azerbaijan Tower is planned to be 3,448 feet (1,050 meters) tall, making it taller than the Burj Khalifa in the United Arab Emirates. The estimated cost of construction is $2-3 billion.
When will the Azerbaijan Tower be completed?
The Azerbaijan Tower was originally supposed to start being built in 2015 and be finished in 2019, but it has only reached the planning stage since 2021 due to factors such as the pandemic, protests over local corruption, and the lack of funding. It is estimated that the tower will be completed only in the 2030s.
Tatlin’s Tower was a concept structure designed by the Soviet avant-garde artist Vladimir Yevgrafovich Tatlin (1895–1956). He came up with this design for a massive memorial honoring the Third International. That’s why Tatlin’s Tower is also known as the Monument to the Third Communist International. After the October Revolution of 1917, the city of Petrograd-Leningrad made plans to build a towering monument to commemorate the event.
The world’s leading workers and peasant communist organization (Comintern) were to be honored by this iron edifice’s presence. This seven-story revolving iron structure was meant to house the highest Comintern officials. However, the Tatlin’s Tower memorial was never built because the Soviet government became less receptive to avant-gardism in the late 1920s.
Tatlin’s Tower’s Background
The art historian Nikolay Punin collaborated with V. Y. Tatlin on the structure. As early as 1919, the Department of Fine Arts of the People’s Commissariat for Education (a.k.a, IZO-Narkompros) tasked Vladimir Tatlin with coordinating a cultural initiative. Vladimir Tatlin was authorized by the department to create a proposal for the memorial to the Third International. Tatlin got to work right away and completed the job shortly after. Then, the “Creative Collective” of V. Y. Tatlin, I. A. Meerzon, M. P. Vinogradov, and T. M. Shapiro refined the idea further and constructed a memorial prototype of Tatlin’s Tower.
In 1917, Lenin ordered the destruction of imperial monuments and the construction of revolutionary ones. When Vladimir Tatlin was employed at the IZO Narkompros, preparations were made to start construction on such a monument. While putting into action Lenin’s idea of monumental propaganda, Tatlin was intimately involved in the details of the project.
The tower he built for the Third International was his personal contribution to the success of communist goals. The progressive ideals of communism served as inspiration for Tatlin’s work. And his tower reflected this with its boldness in terms of both architecture and design.
Was It Possible to Build Tatlin’s Tower?
Many people consider the monument to be the pinnacle of constructivist architecture, despite the fact that it could not be built, at least at that time. While Tatlin’s Tower was crucial to Soviet propaganda efforts, it was never constructed.
Because it was the time of the Russian Civil War. It was doubted that the tower could ever be built. There wasn’t even enough steel in post-revolutionary Russia anymore. There were not enough homes for people, and the government was in disarray. It was also highly questioned whether or not the structure could withstand any significant amount of weight.
Like the Eiffel Tower, it was an emblem of the nation’s ambitions and a challenge to the contemporary world. With today’s construction technology, it is now possible to build inclined, tall structures like Tatlin’s Tower.
There is a great deal of data accessible, but the precise size of the structure remains elusive. Tatlin thought of it as an engineer and built several versions, but many of its features were drawn from ideological models, and their transformation into substance is speculative at best. Tatlin undoubtedly planned on painting his structure, but we don’t know what colors he had in mind.
Tatlin’s Tower’s Design
The Tatlin’s Tower was a 1,312 feet (400 meters) tall monument standing at an inclination of 23.5 degrees. The structure represented the ideal world, or the Great Utopia. The tower’s celestial symbology required its body to be slanted perpendicular to the Earth’s axis. A cube, a pyramid, a cylinder, and a sphere were some of the simple geometric entities etched in the structure. Their axis rotations were in sync with Earth’s.
Tatlin’s Tower’s height compared to other towers such as the Eiffel Tower.
The concept for the memorial originated from the organic integration of architectural, sculptural, and picturesque elements. It was meant to usher in a new era of monumental buildings that fused aesthetic and practical concerns. The Tatlin’s Tower’s design reflects this idea by featuring three enormous glass chambers built along a maze of vertical rods and swirls. Each chamber is stacked on top of the next and surrounded by a unique shape that complements the others.
The tower’s design involved two slanted metal spirals of different geometric forms that were stacked atop one another and perfectly connected. The overall design elements of the tower were inspired by the Eiffel Tower, which was the tallest at the time (984 ft; 300 m). The floors of the tower were able to rotate on their axis thanks to some mechanical systems.
The whole thing crawls and oscillates like a steel snake, constrained and structured by the one common action of all the other components, which is to “rise above the ground.”
The Rotating Floors of the Tower
The biggest structure, located on the base floor, was cube-shaped and rotated at a pace of one turn per year; the architect had planned it specifically for huge gatherings.
Above it on the second floor stood a pyramid-shaped structure that turned once per month to house the International’s ruling organizations.
On the third floor, the information center, publication house, printing press, and telegraph office were all supposed to be housed in this cylinder-shaped section, which rotated once per day.
On the fourth floor, we had a globe (or hemisphere) that turned at a rate of one circle per hour. While this body’s purpose remains unknown, it is known that the structure was intended to contain not only the legislative, administrative, and communication officials but also the creative community.
Even though the memorial was meant to cross the Neva River, this is rarely reflected in the restorations of the structure. Tatlin envisioned it as a memorial to global communism; it would provide housing for a global government, its spirals would end global strife, and its axis would point to the North Star. Today’s replicas no longer represent this attitude because of the societal environment they exist in.
The idea for Tatlin’s Tower came about as a way to symbolize the coming together of a world that had become split during the building of the Tower of Babel. This is similar to the motivation behind the Tokyo Tower of Babel. If considered real, the Tower of Babel was estimated to be 985 feet (300 m) tall. Tatlin’s Tower is even taller than this.
As well as being the dwelling place of the enlightened, Tatlin’s Tower also served as a connection between the heavenly realms and the terrestrial plane. It was both the home of the “wise” and a physical representation of the world tree, which is the foundation of the cosmos.
The Tatlin’s Tower was topped with enormous radio antennas. And some letters would be projected onto the sky using a specialized searchlight device that has a range of miles. This is similar to how it works in the Batman series. Radio signals and searchlight beams, designed to cast luminous words into the skies, act as an extension of the structure upwards.
The Tatlin’s Tower’s large glass exterior was intended to keep the interiors cooler. The original design for the structure called for it to be 1,312 feet (400 meters) tall and lean at an angle of 23.5 degrees. Glass and metals were selected as the primary building components.
A gigantic screen showing global news is mounted on the axis of the top spherical portion, with projector lamps situated at its center. You can think of the radio, the screen, and the cables not only as parts of a structure, but also as parts of an idea. The tower’s height (400 m) is a factor of Earth’s meridian, and it is exactly 100,000 times smaller.
The spiral shape of the framework is a metaphor for dynamism. It represents the trajectory of humanity set free—a dream detached from the pressures of the material world. The tower’s general look is also dynamic, as it is constantly transformed by the movement of its components.
In addition to the electric lifts connecting the floors, Tatlin’s Tower was also designed to feature a garage for motorbikes and cars that would bear the monument’s brand as they entered and exited the building. The monument itself is essentially the most physically demanding place to travel because you are lifted, lowered, and transported against your will by artificial means.
The Exhibition of the Tower
A reconstruction of the Tatlin’s Tower. (Photo by mac morrison CC BY 2.0, edited from original).
At the 1920 Eighth Congress of Soviets, held in the House of Soviets, a model of Tatlin’s Tower was unveiled for the first time. The model was 20 feet (6 meters) tall. There were several foreign exhibitions for the tower’s model. And there have been numerous newspaper and print photo spreads featuring Tatlin’s Tower. But other people like Arkady Averchenko also mocked the undertaking in his 1923 “Monumental”.
Beginning in 1919, Vladimir Tatlin envisioned a massive, 400-meter-tall memorial to the October Revolution (then the Comintern) in St. Petersburg. This endeavor had the blessing of the Fine Arts of the People’s Commissariat.
In the basement of the old Academy of Arts building in Petrograd, Tatlin and his helpers got to work on constructing a model. The components included wood, plywood, twine, tin, and metal fixings. Exhibits of the model (which was reportedly about 5 to 6 meters in height) and accompanying sketches were held on November 8, 1920, in the workshop. The model was presented to the public from November 8 to December 1, 1920.
The model of Tatlin’s Tower was situated on a paper-covered spherical platform. There was a lever hidden beneath the platform that operated the interior translucent forms. The model was displayed in Moscow’s House of Unions in December 1920. It then vanished after apparently being moved to the Tretyakov Museum. Only a handful of photos of Tatlin’s Tower were kept.
The Soviet pavilion at the 1924 International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts commissioned Vladimir Tatlin to construct a replica of the tower. It was completed on February 1, 1925. But for some reason, Tatlin was not permitted to travel to Paris with his masterpiece.
Tatlin believed that the model was safe in the Russian Museum until the end of his life. But it was later discovered to have vanished from there, too. A third, more streamlined copy of Tatlin’s Tower, called the “isoinstallation,” was constructed in 1925 by art students for the May Day parade in Leningrad. The tower’s form was unfinished, leaving an “exposed” summit for the attachment of banners. Even this prototype has perished over time.
The Tower Awards organized by the Stas Namin Center, around 2000s. (Image, Центр Стаса Намина, CC BY-SA 3.0)
Tatlin’s Tower Today
Tatlin’s Tower served as inspiration for the Chinese visual artist Ai Weiwei’s Fountain of Light monument, which is on display at the Louvre Abu Dhabi.
Today, the Tatlin Tower model can be found in the following locations:
The Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow;
The exhibition hall of the Savitsky School of Art in Penza (Russia);
The Stockholm Museum of Art, Sweden;
The Royal Academy in London: the model was built to 1/42nd scale in November 2011;
The Centre Pompidou in Paris: The 13.8 feet (4.2 meters) high replica is housed in the Musée national d’art moderne. Made in 1979 for the show “Paris-Moscow, 1900-1930;”
The main dining room of the University of Oxford.
Another contemporary residence of the Tatlin’s Tower model is the house named “Patriarch,” located in Moscow at 15 Ermolaevsky Lane. This model was created by the architect S. B. Tkachenko.
The proposed SCA Arena in St. Petersburg inspired by Tatlin’s Tower. (Coop Himmelb(l)au)
The Tatlin’s Tower also served as inspiration for the Austrian firm that won the design challenge to create the SCA Arena in St. Petersburg.
